A progressive framework for macro-economic policy,

Government spending is the art of fine balance. Too little and the state will fail in some of its responsibilities, especially those towards the poor and underprivileged. Too much could result in a macroeconomic crisis.

India moved away from a discretionary approach to fiscal management with the passage of the Fiscal Responsibility and Budgetary Management Act in 2003. The law was passed by a National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government, but, rarely for an Indian legislation, had bipartisan support. Now, 14 years later, another NDA government has received a report from a committee headed by veteran bureaucrat N.K. Singh on “a debt and fiscal framework for 21st century India” (as the document is subtitled).

The report, titled ‘Responsible Growth,” is based on sound fiscal economics. It was always clear, even before states embarked on a rash of farm loan waivers, that state finances were not getting the importance, and the scrutiny they deserved. Imprudent spending by the states could derail the central government’s own efforts at fiscal moderation. The report addresses this by makes public debt (of the Centre and the states) the focus, moving away from the traditional target of the fiscal deficit, although it retains the latter as an objective of the yearly government budget.

What of so-called black swan events – a global macroeconomic crisis or a severe drought? The new fiscal regime recommended by the Singh committee has a degree of flexibility, and allows the government an escape clause in case of external or internal shocks to the system. The report adds that the decision on whether a shock is severe enough to trigger the escape clause will be made by a new body, the fiscal council, which will also monitor government policy to measure the medium-term impact on finances.

There are minor definitional and operational quibbles with some of the recommendations of the committee and also the major, and possibly political, challenge of assigning public debt targets to states, but if the finance ministry accepts the report, India will have a working, pragmatic, reformist, and model fiscal regime.

Interestingly, the idea of a fiscal council has been proposed at a time when the country has created a monetary policy council to decide the policy rate and a GST council to administer the new unified Goods and Services tax regime that will come into effect later this year. India is clearly moving to a new and progressive framework for macroeconomic policy.

Vision of pro-people, proactive, good governance or P-2, G-2.

• Mr. Modi also appreciated party President Amit Shah for his work in Uttar Pradesh and other states, helping the party win. He appreciated the BJP, saying no other party would have suffered and digested so many electoral losses. But BJP continued working hard, and achieved the target, which shows the determinatin of grass root party workers. He also said, the party should move forward with the formula of New India at faster pace. He gave the vision of P2-G2, pro people, proactive, and good governance.
  Earlier in the day, in BJP's national executive meet, two resolutions were passed. A resolution was passed thanking Prime Minister Narendra Modi for the commission on OBC. Another resolution also condemned the manner in which Congress and other parties are playing politics in this connection and stalling the bill.

Mere good governance is not enough; it has to be pro-people and pro-active. Good governance is putting people at the center of development process.” Narendra Modi

For decades, Indian politicians have built their careers in the name of caste, creed or religion or through populist measures. If there is one man, who has broken this stereotype of what an Indian politician stands for, it is undoubtedly Narendra Modi.

It is due to Narendra Modi that Governance has become the talking point all over the country; from the conversations teenagers have over a cup of coffee to heated debated in newsrooms. The rise of Narendra Modi in the political arena has also marked a paradigm shift in the discourse in India, where Governance had become a side issue. He heralded an era where politicians try and present figures for GDP Growth & other such development indicators in their speeches instead of making tall promises.

State Governments are often seen competing with each other on Governance indicators, which was not the case a decade ago. This shift in the political class coupled with an increased awareness and use of technology can create a win-win situation for the people of our country.

It has been Narendra Modi’s firm conviction that good governance alone is not enough; it has to be pro-people and pro-active. He believes there should be a tangible impact in the lives of the people through Good Governance. Narendra Modi has taken several initiatives, which have drastically improved the quality of people’s lives.

Transparency & Accountability are two very important features of a Citizen Friendly Government. In addition to these features, Narendra Modi’s track record shows that he has delivered results also by getting existing systems and processes to work. An example of this is his ‘One Day Governance’ Model in Gujarat.

While ‘The Rights of Citizens for Time-Bound Delivery of Goods and Services and Redressal of their Grievances Bill’ was approved by the Gujarat Cabinet only in 2011, Narendra Modi thought well ahead of time and implemented the model of ‘One Day Governance’ in Gujarat in 2003 to deliver key services to citizens in a single day.

This model focused on providing time boundservices to the citizens by leveraging e-governance infrastructure. The main objective ofthis was to provide all Government-to-citizen services covered under the Citizens’ Charter. It mainly covered citizen-centric services such as revenue, panchayat, health, education and agriculture as well as maintaining records.Over 173 types of public services like essential certificates, affidavits, land, civil supplies were offeredthrough this model.

The services were divided into 3 types:

• Tatkal: 20 per cent of the applications were included in this type which took 20 minutes to 2 hours for processing.

• One day governance: Those applications that needed a single day for processing fell under this category. Within a duration of 12 hours, documents such as birth, death and caste certificates were delivered. 40 per cent of applications fall under this category.

• Non-one day governance: The applications under this category were processed in a stipulated period of time e.g. No Objection Certificates (NOC) from Police, Roads and Buildings, hotel licenses, land allotment for non-agricultural purposes etc.

The centreswere operational in all districts with a PPP model and had yielded outstanding results through quick, convenient, transparent and efficient functioning.

Read more about the One Day Governance Model Here

Narendra Modi believes that the real test of good governance is its grievance redressal system. The foundation of any democratic system is that people should be able to voice their problems freely and get their problems solved quickly.

On these lines Narendra Modi implemented the successful initiative called SWAGAT. It stands for State Wide Attention on Public Grievances by Application of Technology. SWAGAT- functional from 2003 is an innovative initiative in Gujarat that enables direct communication between the citizens and the Chief Minister.

I surrender myself for the sack of Physics,,Black Hole and Black Body Radiation

Hawking radiation is blackbody radiation that is predicted to be released by black holes, due to quantum effects near theevent horizon. It is named after the physicist Stephen Hawking, who provided a theoretical argument for its existence in 1974,^[1]and sometimes also after Jacob Bekenstein, who predicted that black holes should have a finite, non-zero temperature andentropy.^[2]

Hawking's work followed his visit to Moscow in 1973 where the Soviet scientists Yakov Zeldovich and Alexei Starobinskyshowed him that, according to the quantum mechanical uncertainty principle, rotating black holes should create and emit particles.^[3] Hawking radiation reduces the mass and energy of black holes and is therefore also known as black hole evaporation. Because of this, black holes that do not gain mass through other means are expected to shrink and ultimately vanish. Micro black holes are predicted to be larger net emitters of radiation than larger black holes and should shrink and dissipate faster.

In June 2008, NASA launched the Fermi space telescope, which is searching for the terminal gamma-ray flashes expected from evaporating primordial black holes. In the event that speculative large extra dimension theories are correct, CERN'sLarge Hadron Collider may be able to create micro black holes and observe their evaporation.^[4][5][6][7]

In September 2010, a signal that is closely related to black hole Hawking radiation (see analog gravity) was claimed to have been observed in a laboratory experiment involving optical light pulses. However, the results remain unverified and debatable.^[8][9] Other projects have been launched to look for this radiation within the framework of analog gravity.

The trans-Planckian problem is the observation that Hawking's original calculation requires talking about quantum particles in which the wavelength becomes shorter than thePlanck length near the black hole's horizon. It is due to the peculiar behavior near a gravitational horizon where time stops as measured from far away. A particle emitted from a black hole with a finite frequency, if traced back to the horizon, must have had an infinite frequency there and a trans-Planckian wavelength.

The Unruh effect and the Hawking effect both talk about field modes in the superficially stationary space-time that change frequency relative to other coordinates which are regular across the horizon. This is necessarily so, since to stay outside a horizon requires acceleration which constantly Doppler shifts the modes.

An outgoing Hawking radiated photon, if the mode is traced back in time, has a frequency which diverges from that which it has at great distance, as it gets closer to the horizon, which requires the wavelength of the photon to "scrunch up" infinitely at the horizon of the black hole. In a maximally extended external Schwarzschild solution, that photon's frequency stays regular only if the mode is extended back into the past region where no observer can go. That region seems to be unobservable and is physically suspect, so Hawking used a black hole solution without a past region which forms at a finite time in the past. In that case, the source of all the outgoing photons can be identified: a microscopic point right at the moment that the black hole first formed.

The quantum fluctuations at that tiny point, in Hawking's original calculation, contain all the outgoing radiation. The modes that eventually contain the outgoing radiation at long times are redshifted by such a huge amount by their long sojourn next to the event horizon, that they start off as modes with a wavelength much shorter than the Planck length. Since the laws of physics at such short distances are unknown, some find Hawking's original calculation unconvincing.^{[12][13][14][15]}

The trans-Planckian problem is nowadays mostly considered a mathematical artifact of horizon calculations. The same effect occurs for regular matter falling onto a white holesolution. Matter which falls on the white hole accumulates on it, but has no future region into which it can go. Tracing the future of this matter, it is compressed onto the final singular endpoint of the white hole evolution, into a trans-Planckian region. The reason for these types of divergences is that modes which end at the horizon from the point of view of outside coordinates are singular in frequency there. The only way to determine what happens classically is to extend in some other coordinates that cross the horizon.

There exist alternative physical pictures which give the Hawking radiation in which the trans-Planckian problem is addressed.^{[citation needed]} The key point is that similar trans-Planckian problems occur when the modes occupied with Unruh radiation are traced back in time.^[16] In the Unruh effect, the magnitude of the temperature can be calculated from ordinary Minkowski field theory, and is not controversial.

Thanks for Upgrading your mind form and aware of ultimate truth of universe,

Swamiji Contribution to our Nation,You should propagate through the great knowledge of our nation

Thanks God for providing me so much time, fate food for upgrading our society.

In spite of her innumerable linguistic, ethnic, historical and regional diversities, India has had from time immemorial a strong sense of cultural unity. It was, however, Swami Vivekananda who revealed the true foundations of this culture and thus clearly defined and strengthened the sense of unity as a nation.
Swamiji gave Indians proper understanding of their country’s great spiritual heritage and thus gave them pride in their past. Furthermore, he pointed out to Indians the drawbacks of Western culture and the need for India’s contribution to overcome these drawbacks. In this way Swamiji made India a nation with a global mission.
Sense of unity, pride in the past, sense of mission – these were the factors which gave real strength and purpose to India’s nationalist movement. Several eminent leaders of India’s freedom movement have acknowledged their indebtedness to Swamiji. Free India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru wrote: “Rooted in the past, full of pride in India’s prestige, Vivekananda was yet modern in his approach to life’s problems, and was a kind of bridge between the past of India and her present … he came as a tonic to the depressed and demoralized Hindu mind and gave it self-reliance and some roots in the past.” Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose wrote: “Swamiji harmonized the East and the West, religion and science, past and present. And that is why he is great. Our countrymen have gained unprecedented self-respect, self-reliance and self-assertion from his teachings.”
Swamiji’s most unique contribution to the creation of new India was to open the minds of Indians to their duty to the downtrodden masses. Long before the ideas of Karl Marx were known in India, Swamiji spoke about the role of the labouring classes in the production of the country’s wealth. Swamiji was the first religious leader in India to speak for the masses, formulate a definite philosophy of service, and organize large-scale social service.

Swamiji Contribution to our Nation ,I bow down to Him

Swami Vivekanada Dedication to our nation,I surrender myself to foot of Swami Ji..

1.Identity: It was Swami Vivekananda who gave to Hinduism as a whole a clear-cut identity, a distinct profile. Before Swamiji came Hinduism was a loose confederation of many different sects. Swamiji was the first religious leader to speak about the common bases of Hinduism and the common ground of all sects. He was the first person, as guided by his Master Sri Ramakrishna, to accept all Hindu doctrines and the views of all Hindu philosophers and sects as different aspects of one total view of Reality and way of life known as Hinduism. Speaking about Swamiji’s role in giving Hinduism its distinct identity, Sister Nivedita wrote: “… it may be said that when he began to speak it was of ‘the religious ideas of the Hindus’, but when he ended,Hinduism had been created.”

2.Unification: Before Swamiji came, there was a lot of quarrel and competition among the various sects of Hinduism. Similarly, the protagonists of different systems and schools of philosophy were claiming their views to be the only true and valid ones. By applying Sri Ramakrishna’s doctrine of Harmony (Samanvaya) Swamiji brought about an overall unification of Hinduism on the basis of the principle of unity in diversity. Speaking about Swamiji’s role in this field K M Pannikar, the eminent historian and diplomat, wrote: “This new Shankaracharya may well be claimed to be a unifier of Hindu ideology.”

3. Defence: Another important service rendered by Swamiji was to raise his voice in defence of Hinduism. In fact, this was one of the main types of work he did in the West. Christian missionary propaganda had given a wrong understanding of Hinduism and India in Western minds. Swamiji had to face a lot of opposition in his attempts to defend Hinduism.

4. Meeting the Challenges: At the end of the 19th century, India in general, and Hinduism in particular, faced grave challenges from Western materialistic life, the ideas of Western free society, and the proselytizing activities of Christians. Vivekananda met these challenges by integrating the best elements of Western culture in Hindu culture.

5. New Ideal of Monasticism: A major contribution of Vivekananda to Hinduism is the rejuvenation and modernization of monasticism. In this new monastic ideal, followed in the Ramakrishna Order, the ancient principles of renunciation and God realization are combined with service to God in man (Shiva jnane jiva seva). Vivekananda elevated social service to the status of divine service.

6. Refurbishing of Hindu Philosophy and Religious Doctrines: Vivekananda did not merely interpret ancient Hindu scriptures and philosophical ideas in terms of modern thought. He also added several illuminating original concepts based on his own transcendental experiences and vision of the future. This, however, needs a detailed study of Hindu philosophy which cannot be attempted here.

New motor vehicles act is implemented, those in the habit of driving rashly or flouting rules should be prepared to pay as much as 20 times more than before.(PTI)

It is high time unruly and dangerours drivers were reined in. More than five lakh road accidents take place in India every year claiming close to 1.5 lakh lives. That is why the Lok Sabha’s approval of the modifications to the Motor Vehicle (Amendment) Bill, 2016 which includes a slew of tough measures against violators, is a radical departure for the better from the 30-year-old law that governs traffic in the country.

One of the highlights of the new bill is heftier penalties . Those in the habit of driving rashly should be prepared to pay as much as 20 times more than before. Driving without a licence will invite a fine of Rs 5,000: the fine for the offence was Rs 500 earlier. Driving with a licence that has been deemed disqualified can make you poorer by Rs 10,000 , the fine rising from Rs 500. Another significant proposal is a prison term for callous custodians. If a vehicle is registered in the parent’s name and a minor causes a fatal accident while driving it, the parent could go to jail for a maximum term of three years. This should discourage the culture of underage drivers causing mishaps while speeding or carrying out stunts.

A strong legislation that makes penalties for violators tougher was required to control the growing indiscipline on India’s roads, particularly in big cities.As many as 1,48,707 people were killed and 4,82,389 were injured in more than 4,64,674 accidents on Indian roads in 2015. The lack of awareness about the consequences of letting their children drive is common in many urban households. Instead of checking the menace, some parents take pride in letting their children drive young. And the offenders are getting younger every passing year. According to government data, the Delhi Police fined 225 juveniles for underage driving in 2015 alone. The menace of drink driving is even more widespread. In 2015, the police prosecuted 5,523 people in the Capital for driving under the influence. The proposal to penalise drink driving with a Rs 10,000-!5,000 fine, is , therefore, welcome.

Under the new bill, .compensation for hit-and-run cases will increase from Rs 25,000 to Rs 2 lakh and for fatal road accidents, up to Rs 10 lakh. Also, it proposes the creation of a Motor Vehicle Accident Fund that would extend a compulsory insurance cover to all road users for certain kinds of accidents and the protection of good Samaritans from civil or criminal action.

To facilitate the delivery of services to stakeholders, says the bill, the government will lean heavily on e-governance. This includes enabling online learners’ licences, increasing the validity period for drivers’ licences and doing away with the norms of educational qualifications for licences. But this can have a flip side.

One of the biggest speed-bumps for the BJP government before it realises the objective of reducing fatalities by 50% in five years is ensuring that only those with requisite expertise get a licence to drive. Although the fear of heftier fines is a step in the right direction, only airtight implementation can ensure that wayward drivers don’t get away by greasing the palms of authorities at various levels.

You need lessons on keeping quiet’you must be awakening yourself and your soul

Sisters and brothers of all nation,respectfully. BJP leaders need to watch their words, as Prime Minister Narendra Modi is watching. The ruling party’s supreme leader on Sunday gave fellow party men a lecture on how and when to “keep quiet”.

The growing habit among ruling party leaders to speak out of turn, sometimes even creating a controversy, has not gone down well with Modi.

“Every time I switch on television, I see a BJP leader making one or the other statement. You need lessons on keeping quiet,” a senior party functionary quoted Modi as saying during his concluding remarks at the BJP’s national executive meeting here.

Modi pointed to a party spokesman and said he needed to give BJP leaders lessons on how to keep their lips sealed, said the official who spoke on condition of anonymity.

“There is no need to speak every time someone puts a TV mike before you,” Modi was quoted as saying.

Modi has been repeatedly warning the BJP motormouths against speaking out of turn and leave that job to official party spokesmen.

He asked the party to be cautious of those trying to manufacture controversy, on issues such as intolerance.

Modi’s repeated advice, though, has not cut much ice with several BJP leaders who put the party and the government in a tight spot with their off-the-cuff remarks.

The BJP found itself in an indefensible position when its former Rajya Sabha MP Tarun Vijaytriggered a controversy with a remark on the skin colour of south Indians.

Thanking all pupil and hope conveniently a good start of your knowledge..