The World Polio day,Global Polio Eradication Iniciative

The world polio day is observed in 24 oct to creat awareness about the hazards of the cripping Polio disease.
The day was established by Rotary Internation to commemorate birth of Jonas Salk who had led the first team of researchers which had developed a vaccine against poliomylitis (polio virus). This development had led to widespread use of this inactivated poliovirus vaccine and susequently use of the oral poliovirus, developed by Albert Sabin. It also had led to establishment of Global Polio Eradication Initiative in 1988 which has helped to reduce polio worldwide by 99 %.


Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI)

GPEI launched in 1988 has played pivotal role in eradication of world poliovirus..

When it was launched wild poliovirus existed in 125 countries. Now it exists in two countries Pakistan and Afganistan. Till 2012 Nigeria, Africa's most populous country was reservoir of more than half of the Polio cases in the world. but in 2015, it was removed from list of Polio endemic countries by World Heath Organization.(WHO).

Poliovirus

Poliomyelitis is a highly infectious viral diseases, which mainly affects young children ..

IPPB Bank to Become operational in 650 districts by April 2018

IPPB is Indian Post payment bank:


IPPB has been set up as a PUblic Limited Company under Department of Post with 100% Gonerment of India (GOI) equity.

It leverages Dop's vnetwork, resources and reach to make low-cost, quality and simple financial services easily accessible to customersin the country.

Its purpose is to further cause of financial inclusion by providing basic banking, remmitance services easily accessible to customer in the country.

Its purpose is to further causes of financial inclusion by providing basic banking remittance .

RBI eases FEMA norms to spur investment from ovedrseas

The reserve Bank Of India (RBI) has simplified Foreign Exchange Management ( Transfer or issue of Security by a Person Resident outside india. Regulations to make it easier for foreign investment .
It was done by putting all 93 amendments under one notification. The new regulation combines earlier two regulations on foreign investments. They are FEMA 20 (Investment in Indain company or partnership or in a limited liabilities partnership) or FEMA 24 .
It also introduces late submission fee that could allow investment to regularise any contravention due to non-reporting, by paying the fee.

Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) was passed by Parliament in 1999 and so far was amended 93 times. It had replaced FERA (Foreign Exchange Regulations Act), 1973 which had become incompatible after economic reforms and pro-liberalization policies of Government.

It aims at facilitating external trade and payments and for promoting the orderly development and maintanace of foreign exchange market in India. It makes offense related to foreign exchange civil offences. It enable new foreign exchange management regime consistent with emerging framework of World TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO).

National association for software services Companies NASSCOM

NASSCOM is global non-profit trade association (organisation) of Indian Information Technology (IT) and Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry. It facilitates business and trade in software and services and encourages the advancement of research in software technolgy.

It is registered under the Indian Societies Act, 1860.
Its headquarters are in New delhi.It has regional offices in Bengaluru, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kochi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Pune and Thirubantapuram.




The global trade body has over 2000 members, of which over 250 are comanies from the China, EU, and UK. NASSCOM'S MEMBER companies are in the business of software development software services,software, products, IT-enabled/BPO services and e-commerce.

Cabinet approves protocol amending DTAA between India and Kyrgyz

India and Kyrgys for avoidance of double taxation and prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to take on income.

DTAA Double taxation Avoidance Agreement aims to update Article 26 (Exchange of Information) of  DTAA to international standards.

Why DTAA:-

The updated Article 26 of DTAA provides for exchange of information to widest possible extent. The new paragraphs 4 and 5 have been inserted into Article 26 to make mandatory for State to provide information which is requested.

Such information cannot be denied on ground that it has no dormestic tax. The Protocol further empowers India to use information received under DTAA for other law enforcement purposes on supplying state authorizing such use.

The existing DTAA between India and Kyrgyz Republic was noticed in February 2001. The Protocol amending DTAA for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income has been agreed to be signed between two countries.

Under pressure: on Gurugram's Ryan School murder case

Why police investigators should not jump to conclusions, influenced by public outrage.

The  poor quality of police investigation in the country has once again come under focus. The twist in the probe into the murder of a seven-year-old boy at a school in Gurugram, Haryana, in September exposes how unreliable the police can be when it comes to investigating grave crimes amidst a public outcry and close media scrutiny. The Central Bureau of Investigation now claims that it was a 16-year-old student who murdered Pradyuman Thakur at the Ryan International School, and not the bus conductor arrested earlier for the offence by the local police. If the latest account is true, the police must explain why it made the sensational claim that Ashok Kumar, the conductor of the school bus, had committed the murder in the school’s washroom on September 8, and that he had “confessed” to it. The motive, the police had claimed, was that the child had resisted his attempt to sexually assault him. The CBI says that in fact a Class XI student had killed his junior school mate in a bid to get examinations postponed and a parent-teacher meeting called off. Closed-circuit television footage is cited as a crucial piece of evidence against the senior student, who is now under arrest, although the CBI says the role of Ashok Kumar remains under investigation. In their eagerness to show results and demonstrate their efficiency, the Gurugram police announced the bus conductor’s arrest on the very night of the murder. Reports that the school’s bus driver was under pressure to identify the knife allegedly used in the murder to be part of the bus toolkit add to the suspicion that the police were trying to frame the conductor.

Given the media glare that accompanies such tragedies, the police must learn not to succumb to the temptation to wrap up probes under public pressure. That the police had to extract a false confession is downright disgraceful, but it is not an isolated case in a country known for its primitive investigative methods. Studies on police reforms have highlighted the need to make the investigation process more scientific and more rooted in forensic analysis, but custodial torture and extracted confessions continue to be reported. The muddle in the Aarushi-Hemraj murder case probe is a telling example of how both the local police and the CBI can botch up the investigation and lead to unfair incarceration. When two narratives emerge from different police agencies for a heinous murder, a sense of disquiet among the public is inevitable. The onus is now on the CBI to avoid such pitfalls and show that the initial narrative was false and its subsequent account is closer to the truth. Another notable feature of the case is that there is a likelihood of the 16-year-old suspect being tried as an adult under provisions introduced in juvenile law in 2016. It would be unfortunate if these provisions were to be reflexively invoked.

আপনাকে অনেক অনেক ধন্যবাদ। .

Slippery oil rally: on the oil-price rise

The price of oil has risen sharply in recent weeks leading to renewed forecasts of a sustained bull market in the price of the commodity. The price of Brent crude, which breached the $60 mark late last month, is currently trading at about $64 per barrel, a two-year high. In fact, in the last one month alone, oil has gained well over 12%. The oil rally has been even sharper from its June low of a little below $45, from where the commodity has rallied more than 40% to reach its current price, with some experts saying the ongoing rally could portend even higher prices in the coming months. The upsurge this week has been driven primarily by political uncertainty in Saudi Arabia, the world’s second largest producer of oil, and the tightening of supply by the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, which is expected to extend its supply-cut agreement beyond March. Whether the price gains would sustain and continue over an extended period of time still remains a big question for various reasons, however. Shale oil production is the biggest among them. In the past, North American producers of shale brought a multi-year bull market in oil to an abrupt end. Since then, OPEC has struggled to maintain control over oil prices except for brief spells. The American shale industry has been let free to increase production in response to higher prices, thus imposing a cap on the price of oil. There are no signs yet of a structural change in the oil market to suggest that it could be any different this time.

Shale producers have continued to pump more oil into the market as crude prices have crossed the $50 mark. According to the Energy Information Administration, a body under the U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. shale production is likely to increase by about 81,000 barrels per day in the current month. In addition, in its World Oil Outlook report released this week, OPEC said it expects shale output to grow much faster than it had previously estimated. The cartel’s new estimate is, in fact, more than 50% higher than its projection last year. It also noted that shale output from North America has increased by about 25% over the past one year. All this suggests that shale is likely to remain OPEC’s nemesis for a long time. India has derived huge benefits from lower oil prices since 2014, with the government’s fiscal management and inflation-targeting being rendered a lot easier. There is bound to be some economic unease now as the price of oil fluctuates in what looks likely to be a range-bound market. A repeat of the huge damage caused by the last oil bull market, however, seems unlikely. Nonetheless, policymakers in Delhi will surely take a cautious stance given the extensive impact that oil prices have on the Indian economy.